Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)
Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)
Project:
DropBilko —FintechBalkanPaymentAccountingApp (ALAI Holding AS)SaaS Processing Activity:AllMulti-TenantpersonalAccountingdataDataprocessingProcessingin(invoices,Dropexpenses,paymentVAT,servicestax filings) Version: 1.0 Date: 2026-02-23 Author:ALAIComplianceTeamArchitect DPO: TBD— appointment required([email protected] — planned)[email protected]) Status: Draft— DPO Review RequiredReviewers: DPO, Legal Counsel,CTOEngineering Lead Classification: Confidential
Document History
| Version | Date | Author | Changes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 | 2026-02- |
Compliance |
Initial DPIA | accounting
Source document: legal/dpia-vurdering.md — DPIA-DROP-001 (v1.0, approved 2026-02-12)
DPIA Trigger Checklist
A DPIA is required under GDPR Art. 35 if ANY of the following apply:
| # | Trigger | Applies? | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Systematic |
||
| 2 | Large-scale |
NO | |
| 3 | Systematic monitoring of publicly accessible areas | NO | |
| 4 | |||
| 5 | |||
| 6 | Innovative |
||
| 7 | Cross-border transfer outside EEA without adequate protection | YES | |
| 8 | Processing |
NO |
DPIA Required: YES
Reason: MultipleCross-border triggerstransfer apply:of automatedRS/BA transactiondata monitoring,subjects innovativeto OpenEU-hosted Bankinginfrastructure; technology,processing large-scaleof national tax IDs (PIB/JMBG/OIB/JIB) as sensitive identifiers; financial data processing,for cross-borderthousands transfersof toorganizations non-adequateand countries.their counterparties.
1. Processing Activity Description
1.1 Activity Overview
Activity Name: DropMulti-Tenant Payment Services — All PersonalAccounting Data Processing
System/Product: DropBilko (getdrop.no) — Remittance + QR Payment Appbilko.io)
Business Unit: ALAI Holding AS — Drop productProduct
Processing Owner: CEOEngineering / CISOLead ([email protected])[email protected])
Description of Processing:
DropBilko isprocesses afinancial paymentand applicationpersonal fordata allon residentsbehalf of Norwaybusiness providing:organizations (data controllers) in Serbia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, and Croatia:
RemittanceUser account data —internationalemail,moneyfulltransfersname,tobcrypt-hashed30+password,countriesTOTPvia PSD2 PISPsecretQROrganizationPaymentsdata —in-storelegalQRname,codetaxpaymentsIDvia(PIB/JIB/OIB),PSD2address,PISPbanking detailsAccountContactInformationdata —readingcustomer/supplier names, tax IDs, email, phone, IBAN- Invoice data — invoice numbers, dates, amounts, VAT, payment status
- Expense data — amounts, categories, descriptions, receipt attachments
- Transaction data — bank
balancestransactions,viadouble-entryPSD2debit/credit - Audit trail — all mutations logged with user ID, IP, timestamp, old/new values
Drop operates a pass-through model: it never holds customer funds. All payments are initiated directly from the user's bank account via Open Banking APIs. User authentication occurs via BankID (OIDC, security level "høyt" — eIDAS High).
Trigger / Business Justification:
ProvidingSMBs accessible,in low-costthe paymentBalkans lack affordable, compliant cloud accounting software. Processing this data is necessary to deliver the contracted accounting service and remittancemeet serviceslegal toobligations allunder NorwegianRS/BA/HR residents.accounting Norwegian-registeredand residentstax can send money abroad at lower fees than traditional services. Financial inclusion for all communities.laws.
1.2 Processing Operations
| Operation | Data Category | Technology | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Collection |
|||
| Collection |
|||
| EU |
|||
| Storage | All |
||
| Storage (files) | Receipt PDFs/JPGs | Cloudflare R2 AES-256 | Cloudflare EU region |
| Processing |
|||
| Sharing |
|||
| E-invoice submission | Invoice XML | UBL 2.1 SEF / HR-FISK | Serbia (SEF) / Croatia (FINA) |
| Deletion / Anonymization |
2. Necessity & Proportionality Assessment
2.1 Purposes of Processing
| Purpose | Specific Description | Legitimate? |
|---|---|---|
| Verify user |
YES — |
|
| YES — legal obligation ( |
||
| YES — legal obligation ( |
||
| YES — |
||
| YES — legal obligation + legitimate interest ( |
||
| E-invoice submission | Submit to SEF (Serbia) and HR-FISK (Croatia) | YES — legal obligation (Art. 6.1.c) |
| Invoice email delivery | Deliver invoices to customers | YES — contract necessity (Art. 6.1.b) |
2.2 Data Minimization Assessment
| Data Element | Collected | Strictly Necessary? | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
email |
YES | YES — login + invoice delivery | ||
fullName |
YES | YES — required on invoices | ||
passwordHash |
YES | YES — authentication | ||
totpSecret |
YES | YES — 2FA | ||
organizationTaxId |
YES | YES — legally required on invoices | ||
organizationIban |
YES | YES — payment reference | ||
contactTaxId |
YES | YES — VAT law requires buyer tax ID | ||
contactIban |
YES | PARTIAL — needed only for payment features | Collect only when payment active | |
clientIp (audit log) |
YES | YES | Retain max 30 days for security entries | |
userAgent |
NO | NO — not collected | Not collected | |
deviceId |
NO | NO — |
Not collected |
Fields recommended for removal: None identified. All fields are necessary for regulatory compliance or service delivery.
2.3 Lawful Basis
| Processing Activity | Lawful Basis | Justification |
|---|---|---|
| Account |
Contract |
|
| Legal obligation |
||
| Legal obligation |
||
| Legal obligation + Legitimate interest |
||
| Legitimate interest |
||
| E-invoice submission (SEF/HR-FISK) | Legal obligation — Art. |
Mandatory |
| Data retention beyond erasure | Legal obligation — Art. 6.1.c | 10-11 year retention per accounting law |
3. Data Subjects & Categories of Data
3.1 Data Subject Groups
| Group | Description | Estimated Volume | Vulnerability |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low | |||
| Accountants | Professional accountants on client accounts | 1-5 per organization | Low |
| Employees | Submitting expense claims via employer's account | Variable | Low-Medium |
| Low ( |
3.2 Personal Data Categories
| Category | Data Elements | Sensitivity | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tax identity | PIB, JMBG, OIB, JIB | High | L4 Restricted |
| Financial | High |
||
| Behavioral / Audit | Standard |
||
4. Data Processing Purposes & Legal Basis
| Processing Purpose | Personal Data Used | Legal Basis | Retention Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| User |
Contract (Art. 6.1.b) | ||
| Legal obligation (Art. 6.1.c) |
|||
| VAT calculation | Invoice amounts, tax rates, tax IDs | Legal obligation (Art. 6.1.c) | 10-11 years |
| Legal obligation (Art. 6.1.c) |
|||
| Audit trail | userId, IP, timestamp, changedFields | Legal obligation + Legitimate interest | Financial: 10-11 years; IP/security: 30 days |
| E-invoice (SEF/HR-FISK) | Invoice XML with buyer/seller data | Legal obligation (Art. 6.1.c) | Per SEF/FINA requirements |
| Transactional email | email, invoice PDF | Contract (Art. 6.1.b) | Not stored by Bilko |
| Data export (portability) | All data | GDPR Art. 20 / ZZPL Art. 37 | On demand |
5. Data Flow Mapping
Userflowchart →TD
BankIDDS([Data (SCASubject\nBusiness authentication)user]) →-->|Registers Drop/ PlatformCreates (Norwayinvoice| COLLECT[Web App\nbilko.io — AWSVercel EEA)EU]
├──COLLECT Registration-->|HTTPS POST Zod validated| API[Express API\napi.bilko.io — Railway EU West]
API -->|Prisma ORM AES-256| DB[(PostgreSQL\nRailway EU West\nFrankfurt/Paris)]
API -->|Receipt upload| R2[(Cloudflare R2\nEU region AES-256)]
DB -->|Append-only| AUDIT[(LoggedAction\nImmutable audit trail)]
API -->|Invoice email| SG[SendGrid\nEU region]
API -->|UBL 2.1 XML| SEF[SEF efaktura.gov.rs\nSerbia]
API -->|UBL 2.1 HR-CIUS| FINA[HR-FISK fina.hr\nCroatia]
DB -->|On deletion| ANON[Anonymization\nPII removed]
DB -->|On export| EXPORT[JSON export to data →subject]
PostgreSQLANON --> DB
(Norway)
├── KYC data → Sumsub (EU EEA) → Dropstyle DB ├──fill:#ffcccc,stroke:#cc0000
AISP:style BankAUDIT balance → Neonomics → User's bank → Drop dashboard
├── PISP: Payment instruction → Neonomics → User's bank → Recipient bank
│ └── For remittance: → Correspondent bank → Recipient country bank
├── Errors → Sentry (EU EEA)
└── Suspicious transactions → EFE (Altinn — Norway)fill:#ffe4cc,stroke:#cc6600
Data processors (GDPR Art. 28):
| Processor | Service | Data Shared | Country | DPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global / EU |
Pending |
|||
| EU |
||||
| EU |
| |||
| ||||
6. Risk Assessment Matrix
6.1 Risk Scoring Scale
Risk Score = Likelihood (1-5) × Severity |(1-5). Low:Score 1-46: |Low; Medium:7-12: 5-8 | High: 9-12 | Critical:Medium; 13-1619: High; 20-25: Critical.
6.2 RiskRisks to Data Subjects
| Risk ID | Risk |
Likelihood | Severity | Score | Residual |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R1 | Unauthorized access to financial data ( |
2 | 5 | 10 | TLS 1.3, AES-256, RBAC, org-scoped queries | MEDIUM | |
| R2 | Tax ID (PIB/JMBG/OIB/JIB) theft enabling identity fraud | 2 | 5 | 10 | L4 Restricted, RBAC, no JWT exposure, bcrypt | MEDIUM | |
| R3 | Cross-tenant data access (IDOR) | 2 | 5 | 10 | org-scoped WHERE on all queries, UUID PKs | LOW (after mitigation) | |
| R4 | Invoice data exposure to wrong party | 2 | 4 | 8 | MEDIUM | ||
| 2 | |||||||
| 3 | LOW | ||||||
| 3 | 3 | 9 | |||||
| 3 | 2 | 6 | Clear policy in privacy notice; PII anonymized | LOW | |||
| R9 | Receipt with sensitive data (medical receipts) exposed | 2 | 3 | 6 | Encrypted R2 storage; RBAC accountant+ access | LOW | |
| R10 | Audit log IP retention enabling tracking | 2 | 2 | 4 | LOW | ||
| 1 | 2 | 2 | |||||
7. Mitigation Measures
| Risk ID | Mitigation |
Owner | Deadline | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R1 | Field-level |
Engineering | Phase 2 | Planned |
| R1 | Platform | Phase |
Planned | |
| R2 | Phase |
|||
| Planned | ||||
| R4 | Phase |
Planned | ||
| Phase |
Designed | |||
| R7 | Privacy notice states Railway EU West data residency; ZZPL Art. 65 transfer basis | Legal/DPO | Phase 1 | Planned |
| Phase |
Planned | |||
| R8 | Phase |
Planned | ||
| R9 | R2 files accessible only to org members with accountant+ role | Engineering | Phase 1 | Designed |
Residual risk after mitigation:conclusion: All residual risks assessed asare LOW or MEDIUM. No HIGHCRITICAL or CRITICALHIGH residual risksrisks. afterProcessing may proceed subject to DPO approval and Phase 21 mitigations arebeing implemented.implemented before first paying customer.
DPO Conclusion: ☐ Acceptable — proceed | ☐ Conditional — Processingpending mayPhase proceed1 formitigations MVP| (no☐ live transactions). PriorEscalate to livesupervisory transactions: BankID SCA required, KYC implemented, SCCs in place, DPO appointed.authority
8. DPO Consultation Record
DPO Name: TBD — DPO appointment required before Phase 2 launch([email protected])
Consultation Date: TBDTo DPObe Input:scheduled Pendingbefore appointmentfirst paying customer
DPO RecommendationInput:
before[To
livebetransactions):completed after DPO appointment]
DPO Recommendation:
- Approved — risks
areacceptable and adequately mitigated - Conditional approval — subject to
implementingPhase21 mitigations - Rejected —
requiresredesignredesignrequired - Escalate to supervisory authority
DPO Signature: _________________________ Date: _____________
9. Supervisory Authority Consultation
Consultation Required: NO —(pending basedDPO onreview)
currentReason: riskNo assessmentCRITICAL (allor HIGH residual risksrisks. LOW-MEDIUM after mitigation)
Basis: GDPR Art. 35(7) — Residual risks afterstandard mitigationsfor arecloud acceptable.accounting No prior consultation with Datatilsynet required.SaaS.
Monitoring: If Phaserequired 2— implementationrelevant revealsauthorities newby risksjurisdiction:
- HR:
real-worldAZOPtransaction—data),[email protected]this—assessmenthttps://azop.hr - RS:
bePoverenikreviewed—and[email protected]Datatilsynet—consultationhttps://www.poverenik.rs - BA:
beAZLPrequired.— [email protected] — https://www.azlp.ba
10. DPIA Review Schedule
Next scheduled review: 2027-02-1223 (annual) ORor when any of the following occurs:when:
BankIDNewintegrationcountryimplementedlaunch (RS Phase2)2, LiveHRPSD2PhaseAISP/PISP2,transactionsBAcommencedPhase 3)- New
remittancegovernmentcorridorsintegrationadded(SEF, SumsubHR-FISK,or KYC vendor changedCPF)- Data breach
incidentorrelated to this processingnear-miss ChangeNewindataapplicable Norwegiancategories orEU regulationsprocessorsDORARegulatoryimplementation in Norwaychanges (expectedZZPL2026amendment,H2)BiH reform, GDPR updates)
Review Owner: DPO (once[email protected])
appointed)
Review Log:
| Date | Reviewer | Changes |
Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-02- |
Compliance |
Initial DPIA | |
| Draft — awaiting DPO |
Approval
| Role | Name | Date | Signature |
|---|---|---|---|
| Author | 2026-02-23 | ||
| DPO | |||
| Legal Counsel | |||