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Compliance Framework

Compliance Framework Document

Project: Bilko — Balkan Accounting SaaS Version: 1.0 Date: 2026-02-23 Author: DPO / Compliance OfficerArchitect Status: Draft Reviewers: CTO,DPO, Legal CounselCounsel, (RS, BA, HR)CEO Classification: Confidential

Document History

Version Date Author Changes
0.1 2026-02-23 DPOCompliance Architect Initial draft — RS/BA/HR three-country compliance mapping

1. ComplianceApplicable ScopeRegulations

BilkoCompliance isOwner: aCompliance cloudArchitect accounting([email protected]) SaaSLast operatingReview: in2026-02-23 three| jurisdictions.Next EachReview: has distinct data protection, accounting, tax, and e-invoicing requirements.2026-08-23

graphTDsubgraphRS["

















































































RegulationCountryPhase
GDPR — Regulation (EU) 2016/679HRPhase 1
Zakon o zaštiti podataka o ličnosti (ZZPL, Sl. glasnik RS 87/2018)RSPhase 2
Zakon o zaštiti ličnih podataka BiH (ZZLP, Sl. glasnik BiH 49/2006)BAPhase 3
Zakon o računovodstvu (Sl. glasnik RS 73/2019)RSPhase 2
Zakon o računovodstvu i reviziji FBiH (Sl. novine FBiH 83/2009)BA (FBiH)Phase 3
Zakon o računovodstvu i reviziji RS BiH (Sl. glasnik RS BiH 96/2005)BA (RS entity)Phase 3
Zakon o računovodstvu HR (NN 78/15, 120/16, 116/18)HRPhase 2
Zakon o PDV RS (Sl. glasnik RS 84/2004 et al.)RSPhase 2
Zakon o PDV BiH (Sl. glasnik BiH 9/2005 et al.)BAPhase 3
Zakon o porezu na dodanu vrijednost HR (NN 73/13 et al.)HRPhase 2
Zakon o elektronskom dokumentu RS (Sl. glasnik RS 51/2009)RSPhase 2
Opći porezni zakon HR (NN 115/16 et al.)HRPhase 2
Pravilnik o kontnom okviru RS (2021)RSPhase 2
FBiH Pravilnik o kontnom okviru (2022)BA (FBiH)Phase 3
RRiF Kontni plan HRHRPhase 2

2. Serbia (RepublikaRS) Srbija)"] RS_DP["ZZPLRegulatory Compliance

2.1 Data Protection — Zakon o zaštiti podataka o ličnosti\nSl. glasnik RS 87/2018ličnosti (GDPR-aligned)"]ZZPL)

RS_ACC["Zakon

Full o računovodstvu\nSl. glasnik RS 73/2019"] RS_VAT["Zakon o PDV\n20% / 10% / 0%"] RS_SEF["SEF e-Invoice\nUBL 2.1 XML — B2B mandatory Jan 2023\nPenalty: 50K–2M RSD"] RS_APR["APR Filing\nJune 30 deadline"] end subgraph BA["Bosnia & Herzegovina"] BA_DP["ZZLP BiH —name: Zakon o zaštiti ličnih podataka\nSl. glasnik BiH 49/2006"] BA_FBiH["FBiH: Zakonpodataka o računovodstvuličnosti iCitation: reviziji FBiH\nSl. novine FBiH 83/2009 + Pravilnik 2022"] BA_RSBA["RS entitet: Zakon o računovodstvu i reviziji RS BiH\nSl. glasnik RS BiH 96/2005"] BA_VAT["Zakon o PDV BiH\n17% / 0% — UIO authority"] BA_CPF["CPF e-Invoice\nPending ~2027"] end subgraph HR["Croatia (Hrvatska)"] HR_DP["GDPR — directly applicable (EU member)\nUredba (EU) 2016/679"] HR_ACC["Zakon o računovodstvu\nNN 78/15, 116/18, 42/20, 47/20, 114/22"] HR_VAT["Zakon o porezu na dodanu vrijednost\n25% / 13% / 5% / 0%"] HR_FISK["HR-FISK (eRačun B2G/B2B)\nFINA certificate — mandatory Jan 2026\nPenalty: up to EUR 500K"] HR_FINA["FINA RGFI\nApril 30 deadline"] end


2. Data Protection Compliance

2.1 Applicable Laws

2018
JurisdictionLawSupervisory AuthorityPenalty
SerbiaZZPL (Sl. glasnik RS br. 87/2018) In force: November 21, 2018 Description: Serbia's GDPR-aligned personal data protection law. Supervisory authority: Poverenik za informacije od javnog značaja i zaštitu podataka o ličnosti Up to 2M RSD (legal entity)
Bosnia & HerzegovinaZZLP BiH (Sl. glasnik BiH 49/2006)Agencija za zaštitu ličnih podataka (AZLP)Up to 10K BAM
CroatiaGDPR Uredba (EU) 2016/679Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka (AZOP)Up to €20M or 4% global turnover

2.3 Data Subject Rights Implementation

RightGDPR ArticleZZPL EquivalentStatus
AccessArt. 15Art. 26Planned — /api/gdpr/export endpoint
RectificationArt. 16Art. 27In-app edit functionality
Erasure ("Right to be forgotten")Art. 17Art. 28Blocked by legal retention requirements
PortabilityArt. 20Art. 30Planned — JSON/CSV export
RestrictionArt. 18Art. 29Planned — account suspension flow
ObjectionArt. 21Art. 31Via support ticket

Note on Erasure:Website: Financial data cannot be erased during mandatory retention periods (10 years RS, 10-11 years BA, 11 years HR). Account can be anonymized (name/email) but transaction records must be kept.https://www.poverenik.rs

2.4 Cross-Border Data Transfers

  • Host: Railway EU West (Amsterdam / Frankfurt) — within EEA
  • HR → Railway: No transfer mechanism needed (EU to EU)
  • RS → Railway: Serbia is on GDPR adequacy list (European Commission Decision 2023/1485)
  • BA → Railway: No EU adequacy decision for BiH. Rely on Standard Contractual Clauses (SCC 2021/914) with Railway as processor.

2.5 DPA Requirements

Data Processing Agreements must be signed with:

  • Railway (primary database host)
  • Cloudflare (WAF, CDN — processes IP addresses)
  • Sentry (error tracking — processes stack traces with potential PII)
  • Any email service provider

3. Accounting & Tax Compliance

3.1 Serbia (RS)

ZZPL legally bcrypt,hours
Requirement Law DetailsArticle Bilko Implementation
ChartLawful ofbasis Accountsfor processing PravilnikArt. o kontnom okviru (Sl. glasnik RS 3/2020)12 StandardContract Serbian(Art. CoA12 st. 1 tač. 2)9accounting classesRS-specific CoA template preloaded on org creationservice
VATData ratesminimization ZakonArt. o5 PDVst. (Sl.1 glasniktač. RS 84/2004 + amendments)3 20%Email, standard,name, 10%PIB/JMBG reduced,only 0%where exempt VAT rate selector on invoice line itemsrequired
FinancialData statementssubject rights ZakonArt. o računovodstvu26-41 BilansGET stanja/account/data, +DELETE Bilans/account, uspehaGET (BS format)Export to APR-compliant XML/PDF
Mandatory e-invoicingZakon o elektronskom fakturisanju (Sl. glasnik RS 44/2021)B2B mandatory since Jan 1, 2023 (≥4.5M RSD)SEF API integration (UBL 2.1 XML)
APR filing deadlineZakon o računovodstvu Art. 33June 30 (full-year entities), March 31 (other)In-app reminder + /account/export
RetentionProcessing periodregister Zakon o računovodstvu Art. 2650 10Internal yearsprocessing forregister financial statements and documentationDelete-prevention lock on records >0 days oldrequired
PausalSecurity regimeof processing ZakonArt. o paušalnom oporezivanju50 <6MTLS RSD1.3, annualAES-256, income Simplified invoice mode for pausal firmsRBAC
PIO/healthBreach contributionsnotification to Poverenik ZakonArt. o doprinosima56 AppliedWithin to72 salaries Future:of payroll moduleawareness

SEFBreach Integration:notification: [email protected] | Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 15, 11000 Belgrade

  • Portal: efaktura.mfin.gov.rs
  • Format: UBL

    2.1 XML (HR-CIUS compatible subset)

  • Authentication: API key per organization
  • Mandatory fields: seller PIB, buyer PIB, invoice number, date, amounts, VAT breakdown

3.2 BosniaAccounting &Law Herzegovina (BA)Zakon o računovodstvu

Full name: Zakon o računovodstvu Citation: Sl. glasnik RS br. 73/2019, 44/2021

export
RequirementLawDetails Bilko Implementation
FBiHDouble-entry CoAbookkeeping FBiHSchema Pravilnikenforces o računovodstvu (Sl. novine FBiH 89/2016debitAccountId + 2022 revision)FBiH-specific chart of accountsFBiH CoA templatecreditAccountId
RSChart entityof CoAaccounts: Pravilnik o kontnom okviru (2021) — 10 class (0-9) RS BiH PravilnikRS entity chart of accounts (differs from FBiH)RS BiHSerbian CoA templateseed data
VATBilans ratestanja (Balance Sheet) + Bilans uspeha (Income Statement) ZakonPhase o2 PDV BiH (Sl. glasnik BiH 9/2005)17% standard, 0% exempt — UIO authorityVAT 17% selectorreports
VATFiling: filingAPR (https://www.apr.gov.rs), deadline June 30 UIOPDF portal Monthly/quarterly+ PDV prijavaExport to UIO-compatible formatreminders
FilingDocument deadlineretention: 10 years FBiH/Soft delete — never hard delete financial data

2.3 VAT — Zakon o PDV

Citation: Sl. glasnik RS entitybr. laws84/2004 (consolidated)

goods
RateDescription
20% (opšta stopa) MarchStandard 31 (mostgeneral entities) In-appand reminderservices
FBiH10% retention(snižena stopa) ZakonReduced o računovodstvufood, imedicines, reviziji FBiH Art. 1710 yearsDelete-prevention lockutilities
RS entity retention0% ZakonExports, ointernational računovodstvu i reviziji RS BiH Art. 1611 yearsDelete-prevention lock
e-InvoiceCPF platform (pending)Expected mandatory ~2027Roadmap item
CIT rateZakon o porezu na dobit FBiH10% flatFuture: tax calculation moduletransport

EntityVAT detection:threshold: 8,000,000 RSD | Return: Monthly (>50M RSD) or Quarterly | Deadline: 15th of next month

2.4 E-Invoice — SEF (Sistem e-Faktura)

Platform: https://efaktura.gov.rs | Mandatory: B2B since January 2023 Format: UBL 2.1 XML | Penalties: 50,000–2,000,000 RSD for non-compliance Integration: @bilko/country-rs package (Phase 2)

2.5 APR Filing

Serbian entities file annual financial reports with APR (Agencija za privredne registre). Deadline: June 30. Bilko mustgenerates determineAPR-compatible ifPDF/XML anexports.

organization
is

3. inBosnia FBiH,& RSHerzegovina entity,(BA) or BrčkoRegulatory DistrictCompliance

to

Complexity: applyBiH thehas correcttwo CoAentities (FBiH and retentionRepublika rules.Srpska). OnVAT orgunified creation,at userstate selectslevel via UIO. Direct taxes separate per entity. Brčko follows BiH state-level law.

3.31 CroatiaData Protection — Zakon o zaštiti ličnih podataka BiH (HR)ZZLP)

Full name: Zakon o zaštiti ličnih podataka Bosne i Hercegovine Citation: Sl. glasnik BiH br. 49/2006, 76/2011, 89/2011 Supervisory authority: AZLP — Agencija za zaštitu ličnih podataka Bosne i Hercegovine Website: https://www.azlp.ba

ZZLP
Requirement Law DetailsArticle Bilko Implementation
CoALawful basis Art. 4Contract + legal obligation
Security measuresArt. 14TLS 1.3, AES-256, bcrypt, RBAC
Cross-border transferArt. 18Railway EU West — SCCs mechanism
Breach notification to AZLPArt. 14 + GDPR practice72 hours

Breach notification: [email protected] | Hamdije Čemerlića 2/VI, 71000 Sarajevo

3.2 FBiH — Accounting Law

Full name: Zakon o računovodstvu i reviziji Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine Citation: Sl. novine FBiH br. 83/2009, 56/2023

RequirementBilko Implementation
Double-entry bookkeepingSchema enforced
Chart of accounts: FBiH Pravilnik (2022)BiH CoA seed data
Filing: Agency of Financial Information (FBiH), deadline March 31PDF export
Document retention: 10 yearsImmutable storage

3.3 Republika Srpska (BA Entity)

Citation: Sl. glasnik RS BiH br. 96/2005, 74/2016 Filing: Tax Administration of RS (BiH entity), March 31 Retention: 11 years — maximum applied across BA entities

3.4 VAT — Zakon o PDV BiH

Citation: Sl. glasnik BiH br. 9/2005 (consolidated) Authority: UIO — Uprava za indirektno oporezivanje | https://www.uino.gov.ba

RateDescription
17% (opća stopa)Standard — all goods and services
0%Exports

Threshold: 100,000 BAM | Return: Monthly | No reduced rates

3.5 E-Invoice — CPF (Central Platform for Fiscalisation)

Status: PENDING — technical specifications not published Law adopted: January 2026 (FBiH only) Expected: ~2027

Bilko decision: DO NOT implement CPF until specs published. BiH is Phase 3 launch.

3.6 Corporate Income Tax

EntityRateDeadline
FBiH10%March 31
RS (BiH entity)10%March 31

4. Croatia (HR) — Regulatory Compliance

Note: Croatia is EU member state. GDPR applies directly.

4.1 Data Protection — GDPR

Applicable: GDPR Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (directly applicable) National implementing act: Zakon o provedbi Opće uredbe (NN 78/42/2018) Supervisory authority: AZOP — Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka | https://azop.hr

RequirementGDPR ArticleBilko Implementation
Lawful basisArt. 6Contract (6.1.b) for service; legal obligation (6.1.c) for tax
Data minimizationArt. 5(1)(c)OIB, name, email only
Right to accessArt. 15 CroatianGET /api/v1/account/data
Right to erasureArt. 17DELETE /api/v1/account
Right to portabilityArt. 20GET /api/v1/account/export
Security of processingArt. 32TLS 1.3, AES-256, bcrypt, RBAC
Breach notification to AZOPArt. 33Within 72 hours
DPA with processorsArt. 28Railway, Vercel, Cloudflare, SendGrid

Breach notification: [email protected] | https://azop.hr/prijavapovrede | Selska cesta 136, 10000 Zagreb

4.2 Accounting Law — Zakon o računovodstvu HR

Citation: NN 78/15, 120/16, 116/18, 42/20

RequirementBilko Implementation
Double-entry bookkeepingSchema enforced
Chart of accounts: RRiF standard CoA (HSFI / MSFI for large entities) HR CoA templateseed data
Accounting standards: CFRS (SMEs) or IFRS (PIEs)CFRS-compliant reports
Bilanca + Račun dobiti i gubitkaReport generation Phase 2
Filing: FINA RGFI (https://www.fina.hr), deadline April 30FINA-compatible export
Document retention: 11 yearsImmutable storage

4.3 General Tax Law — Opći porezni zakon HR

Citation: NN 115/16, 106/18, 121/19, 32/20 Document retention 11 years, electronic record acceptance, digital accounting system obligations.

4.4 VAT — Zakon o PDV HR

Citation: NN 73/13 et al. | Portal: ePorezna — https://www.porezna-uprava.hr

RateDescription
25% (opća stopa)Standard — general goods and services
13% (srednja stopa)Intermediate — foods, water, accommodation
5% (snižena stopa)Reduced — books, baby food, medicines
0%Exports, intra-EU supply

Threshold: 60,000 EUR | Return: Monthly | Deadline: Last day of next month

4.5 E-Invoice — HR-FISK / eRačun

Platform: https://hr-fisk.fina.hr | Operator: FINA — Financijska agencija Mandatory since: January 1, 2026 (all B2B, B2G, B2C) Format: UBL 2.1 XML with HR-CIUS | Protocol: AS4 (Peppol-compatible) Certificate: FINA qualified certificate required Penalties: Up to EUR 500,000 for non-compliance Archive: 11 years

Integration: @bilko/country-hr — FINA certificate + API (Phase 2)

4.6 Corporate Income Tax — Croatia

  • Standard rate: 18% | Reduced: 10% (revenue <1M EUR) | Deadline: April 30

5. Cross-Country Compliance Matrix

RequirementSerbia (RS)Bosnia & Herzegovina (BA)Croatia (HR)
Data protection lawZZPL (GDPR-aligned, 2018)ZZLP BiH (2006)GDPR (directly applicable)
Supervisory authorityPoverenikAZLPAZOP
Breach notification deadline72 hours (ZZPL Art. 56)72 hours (best practice)72 hours (GDPR Art. 33)
VAT standard rate20%17%25%
VAT reduced rate10%None13% / 5%
E-invoice platformSEF (mandatory Jan 2023)CPF (pending ~2027)HR-FISK (mandatory Jan 2026)
E-invoice formatUBL 2.1 XMLTBDUBL 2.1 XML (HR-CIUS)
Annual report filingAPR — June 30Agency Fin. Info / Tax Admin — March 31FINA RGFI — April 30
Chart of accountsPravilnik (2021)FBiH Pravilnik (2022)RRiF standard
Document retention10 years10 (FBiH) / 11 (RS entity)11 years
Currency Since Jan 2024: EUR onlyRSD HRK phased out. All amounts in EUR.BAM EUR default for HR orgs
VATCIT ratesrate Zakon o PDV (NN 73/13)15% 25% standard, 13% (food/hotels), 5% (books/medicines), 0%10% VAT rate selector per line item
VAT filingPorezna upravaMonthly/quarterly PDV obrazacExport for manual filing18% (Porezna10% uprava<1M portal)
HR-FISK (eRačun)Zakon o elektroničkom izdavanju računa u javnoj nabavi (NN 94/18) + amendmentsMandatory Jan 1, 2026 for B2B above threshold. FINA certificate required. UBL 2.1 XML HR-CIUS. Penalty up to EUR 500KHR-FISK API integration — Roadmap P2
FINA RGFI filingZakon o računovodstvu Art. 30April 30In-app reminder + FINA export
RetentionZakon o računovodstvu Art. 10 + Opći porezni zakon11 yearsDelete-prevention lock
Fiscalization 2.0Pravilnik o fiskalizacijiCash register fiscalization (if cash payments)Cash receipt module with Porezna uprava integrationEUR)

HR-FISKBilko Priority:retention policy: Croatia'sApply eRačunmaximum mandateacross (Janall 2026)markets with EUR11 500K penalty makes this the highest-priority e-invoicing integration. FINA certificate must be obtained during onboardingyears for HRall organizations.financial records. Never hard delete.


4.6. ControlsData RegisterClassification Scheme

To
Control IDLevel DescriptionLabel TypeExamples AppliesControls
L1PublicExchange rates, fee schedule, privacy policyNone
L2InternalAggregated analytics, non-PII logsAccess control
L3ConfidentialEmail, name, organization data, invoice amountsEncryption + access control + audit
L4RestrictedPIB/JMBG/OIB/JIB (tax IDs), IBAN, TOTP secrets, password hashesEncryption + RBAC + MFA + audit + 11-year retention

Tax ID types by country:

  • Serbia: PIB (9 digits), JMBG (13 digits)
  • BiH: JIB (13 digits)
  • Croatia: OIB (11 digits)

7. Data Subject Rights Implementation

Right EndpointSLAException
Access (GDPR Art. 15 / ZZPL Art. 26)GET /api/v1/account/data30 days
Rectification (Art. 16)PATCH /api/v1/account/profileImmediate
Erasure (Art. 17)DELETE /api/v1/account30 daysFinancial records retained per law
Portability (Art. 20)GET /api/v1/account/export30 days
Restriction (Art. 18)[email protected]30 daysManual

Erasure exception: Invoices, expenses, transactions retained 10-11 years (accounting law). Only PII (email, name, password hash) anonymized.


8. Third-Party Data Processors

EU
ProcessorServiceRegionDPA Status
CC-01Railway AES-256-GCMPostgreSQL encryption for L4 Restricted fields (PIB, JMBG, OIB, JIB, IBAN)hosting Technical RS, BA, HRPlanned
CC-02Organization-scoped WHERE on all Prisma queriesTechnicalAllPlanned
CC-03RBAC with 4 rolesWest (owner/admin/accountant/viewer)TechnicalAllPlanned
CC-04JWT RS256 with 15min expiry + refresh token rotationTechnicalAllPlanned
CC-05TLS 1.3 minimum via CloudflareTechnicalAllActive
CC-06LoggedAction audit trail (append-only, 10-11yr retention)TechnicalAllPlanned
CC-07DPA signed with Railway, Cloudflare, SentryLegalAllFrankfurt/Paris) Required pre-— sign before launch
CC-08Vercel SEFFrontend integration for RS B2B e-invoicinghosting TechnicalEU edge RSP2 RoadmapRequired
CC-09Cloudflare HR-FISKCDN, integrationWAF, +R2 FINA certificate flowstorage TechnicalEU region HRP2 RoadmapRequired
CC-10SendGrid DataTransactional subject rights endpoints (/gdpr/export, /gdpr/delete)email TechnicalAllPlanned
CC-1172-hour breach notification procedure to Poverenik/AZLP/AZOPProceduralAllEU Required pre-launch
CC-12Privacy Policy in Serbian, Bosnian, CroatianLegalRS, BA, HRRequired pre-launch
CC-13Terms of Service with data processing consentLegalAllRequired pre-launch
CC-14VAT rate validation per jurisdictionTechnicalRS, BA, HRPlanned
CC-15Retention lock preventing deletion of accounting records during mandatory retention periodTechnicalAllPlanned

5.9. Compliance Roadmap

gantt
    title Bilko Compliance Roadmap
    dateFormat  YYYY-MM

    section 

Phase 1 — MVPPre-Launch (pre-launch)GDPR GDPR/ZZPLbaseline)

core
    controls : 2026-03, 2026-05 DPAs signed : 2026-04, 2026-05
  • Privacy Policypolicy (3published
  • languages) : 2026-04, 2026-05
  • Terms of Service :published
  • 2026-04,
  • 2026-05User DPIAconsent completedmechanism :at 2026-04,registration
  • 2026-05
  • sectionData deletion + anonymization workflow
  •  Data export endpoint
  •  DPAs signed: Railway, Vercel, Cloudflare, SendGrid
  •  Railway EU West region confirmed
  •  Breach notification process ready

Phase 2 — RSSerbia Launch + Croatia Launch

Serbia:

Croatia:

2026-06, 2026-07 RS VAT reporting : 2026-06, 2026-07 section

Phase 3 — BABiH Launch

BA

10. Risk Assessment

Launch cert2026-12:PoreznaupravaPDV2026-10,2026-11FINA2026-11
RiskLikelihoodImpactMitigation
GDPR/ZZPL breach fineLow (if compliant)High (GDPR €20M / ZZPL RSD 2M)Full implementation before first customer
SEF non-compliance (RS)MediumHigh (RSD 2M)Phase 42 SEF HRintegration
HR-FISK +non-compliance FINA(HR) High flow(if :not 2026-10,integrated) Critical HR CoA + (EUR amounts500K) Phase 2026-10,2 2026-11mandatory
Financial exportdata :loss Low Critical 30-day RGFIRailway exportbackups, :immutable 2026-10,audit
Tax calculation errorLowHighConfigurable rates, NUMERIC precision, Zod
BiH CPF delayMediumLowPhase 3 planned, not blocking RS/HR


Approval

Role Name SignatureDate DateSignature
Author DPO / Compliance OfficerArchitect 2026-02-23
Reviewer (CTO)DPO
ReviewerLegal (RS Legal)Counsel
Reviewer (BA Legal)CEO
Reviewer (HR Legal)
ApproverCEO